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E-ISSN : 2249 - 4642 | P-ISSN: 2454 - 4671

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Abstract

Trap of Gender Roles: A Socio-Psychological Confinement in The Glass Menagerie

Sudipt Agarwal

Volume: 16 Issue: 2 2026

Abstract:

In the twentieth century, American drama gradually moved away from focusing only on external events and began to explore the inner lives of characters. Tennessee Williams is one of the key playwrights associated with this shift. His play The Glass Menagerie is often described as a ‘memory play,’ because it presents events through Tom’s perspective. However, this label alone does not fully explain how the play works, especially in terms of the characters’ psychological struggles.

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References

  • Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. New Directions, 1999.
  • Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge, 1990.
  • Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. Translated by Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier, Vintage, 2011.
  • Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. Translated by Joan Riviere, W. W. Norton & Company, 1960.
  • Sartre, Jean-Paul. Being and Nothingness. Translated by Hazel E. Barnes, Washington Square Press, 1992.
  • Bigsby, C. W. E. Modern American Drama, 1945–2000. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • Roudané, Matthew C., editor. The Cambridge Companion to Tennessee Williams. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
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