Abstract

THE ROLE OF AL-ASHRAF IN MOROCCO (3-7 AH/9-13 AC)

Asia Thamer Hadi AL-Obeidi & Prof. Dr. Suaad Hadi Hassan AL-Taai

Volume: 9 Issue: 3 2019

Abstract:

History is full of many aspects of creativity which are the subject of study and research, Especially the history of an Al- Ashraf who descendants honored the each and the countries the land and morocco was one of the countries where Al- Ashraf were born. They were welcomed in morocco. They lived among the Berbers. They worked hard to fix their basic rules. They worked hard religion since they entered morocco in the cautery (3AH/ 9AC( until the century (7AH/ 13 AC), Many scientists have emerged from them. They played an important role in the regularity of morocco society through their great contribution to the prosperity of scientific life in morocco clearly and distinctly and had a participation, most humanities. Such as religions science, mysticism, the sciences of Arabic, grammer, literature, history and geography. As well as their work in natural sciences such as medicine, pharmacy and chemistry, Their contribution to this science was anew addition to the prosperity and activity of scientific life in the country, since it is not possible to study the culture of any country with out addressing the sciences that scientists have learned and knowledge of scientific centers. They also participated in political life they were commanders, soldiers princes, ministers, judges, writer, and other political administrative and military positions as well as the privileged position they have been fortunate to have in the rulers and the power men, Their enemies and factions have increased with the progress of clays and years and they have excelled in everything especially in the society, they were a role model in all walks of life and have a great impact, and they deepened the high moral values, They worked to help the poor, shelter the frightened ones, reclaim their rights from their oppressors and share the people in their public life and the details of their clay of joys and sorrows, and details of their day of joys and sorrows and defending their rights against their oppressors and finding the means to solve the conflicts between them and motivate them to rise and progress by cultivating moral values and motivate them to commit to religion and pray and to go to god in everything which made them a role model that everyone wants to emulate and they had a high position in the society.

Back Download

References

• Al-Humairi, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul-Moneim, (9: 900 AH / 1495), AlRawad Al-Matar in the news of the countries, Ihsan Abbas, published by: Nasser Foundation for Culture, (Beirut, 1980), p290 .
• Abu Abdullah al-Fassi, Muhammad alTalib bin al-Hajj, (1273 AH / 1856 AD), supervision of some of the faças of the famous supervision, investigation: Jaafar bin Haj alSalami, published: Al-Haidari library, (Qom, 1426 H) 1, p201 .
• Marrakesh, Abdel Wahid Ben Ali, (647 AH / 1250 AD), the admirer in summing up the news of Morocco from the opening of Andalusia to the last era of the Almohads, investigation: Salah al-Din al-Hawari, published: Modern Library, (Beirut, 2006), pp. 98-98.
• Abn Abi Zar'at al-Fassi, Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad (d. 726 AH / 1326 AD), Anais the singer Baroud al-Qurtas in the news of the kings of Morocco and the history of the city of Fez, Dar Al-Mansour for printing and publishing, (Rabat, 1972), p137 .
• Abu Abdullah Al-Fassi, Supervision, C1, p. 201.
• Al-Idrisi, Ahmad al-Idrisi, human lamps in the sons of Khair al-Bari, d. Mat, (Casablanca, 1987), p. 225.
• Marrakesh, admirer, p. 206; Abu Abdullah al-Fassi, al-Anis the singer,p 219-220 .
• Marrakesh, admirer, p. 208
• Al-Tumasmani, A Series of Sheikhs of the Shazliyya in Morocco, Imam Moulay AlArabi Al-Darqawi, Sheikh of the Dharqawi and Shaziliya Method, translated and some of its effects, Dar Al-Kuttab Al-Alami (Beirut, 2006), p. 48.
• Al-Idrisi, Human Lamps, p. 225; AlTasmani, Moulay Al-Arabi Al-Darqawi, p20 .
• Ibn al-Sakak, Muhammad ibn Abi Ghalib ibn Ahmad, (818 AH / 1415), advised the kings of Islam to define the rights of the noble house, a stone edition, (Fez, 1316 e), p. 33.
• Abu Abdullah Al-Fassi, Supervision, C1, p. 152.
• The Moroccan Association for the Authoring, Translation and Publishing, Morocco teacher A dictionary arranged alphabetically with the knowledge of the various historical, geographic, human and cultural aspects of the Far East, published by Salé Press, Rabat, 1989, p. 11, p. 3198.
• Al-Omrani, The Great Gems, p149 .
• Ibn Khaldun, Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Mohammed, (808 AH / 1405 AD), the lessons of the beginner and the news in the history of the Arabs and the Berbers and their contemporaries of the most important, the investigation: Khalil Shehada, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 1988,p 267 .
• Ibn Abi Zar'at, Al-Anis the Singer, p. 89; Ibn Khaldun, al-Tabar, 6, p. 291.
• Al-Idrisi, Human Lamps, p. 123; AlOmrani, Gems, p. 138.
• Al-Qastali, Ahmed bin Ibrahim bin Yahya, masterpiece of the expatriate in the Maghreb for his brotherhood in Karamat Sheikh Abu Marwan, investigation: Fernando de Larnja, D., (Madrid, 1974), p 20 .
• Kannoun, Memories of the Famous Men of Morocco, Jaz, p. 1406; Al-Omrani, The Magnificent Gems, p. 131
• Ibn Abi Zar'at, Al-Anis the Singer, p. 87.
• Mons, History of Geography, p. 167.
• Al-Sherif al-Idrisi, Nozha al-Mushtaq, C1, Introduction of Investigator, pp. 6-7; sociological, history of geography, p. 210; Nassar, Encyclopedia of the Geniuses of Islam, p.83 .
• Mawns, Hussein, History of Geography and Geographers in Andalusia Research in the Arab Scientific Queen by a single science in one Arab country, published by: Technical Press, 2, (Cairo, 1986),p. 195-198, 222-225; Hassan, Sherif Idrissi, pp. 71-72.
• Mounis, History of Geography, p224-225
• Kannoun, Memories of the Famous Men of Morocco, C1, pp. 216-217; sociological, history of geography, pp. 195-198, 222-225; Hassan, Sherif Idrissi, pp. 71-72.
• Al-Sherif al-Idrisi, Nozha al-Mushtaq, C1, Introduction of the investigator, p. 2; Kannoun, Memories of the famous men of Morocco, 1, p. 216, 218;Dunlop, D. M, Arab Civilisation to AD 1500, Longman, Librarie du Liban, London , 1971. p. 171; Waern, Mediaeval Sicily aspects, P.47-48; Kimble, Geography in the Middle Ages, P.57 .
• Mouns, History of Geography, pp. 205- 206; Hassan, al-Sharif al-Idrisi, p. 90; Mili, Aldo, The Science of the Arabs, Dar Al-Qalam, (Cairo, 1962), p. 46.
• Hassan, al-Sharif al-Idrisi, p. 87; Department of Islamic Knowledge, scientists in Andalusia, Journal of Al-Faisal, (Saudi Arabia, 1990), No. (159), p107 .
• Hassan, al-Sharif al-Idrisi, p. 85; Scott, Samuel Parsons, History of the Moorish Empire in Europe, Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1904, p. 461-462;Kimble, Geography in the Middle Ages, P.57; Zaimeche, Sicily, P.14; Mediaeval Sicily aspects, P.47-48 .
• Toufan, Qadri Hafez, The Science of the Arabs, published by: Egypt Library, (Cairo, 1956), p. 188; Ahmed, Nafis, The efforts of Muslims in geography, translated by: Fathi Osman, D., (Cairo, DT), p.143 .
• Mons, The History of Geography, p.225 .
• Hassan al-Sharif al-Idrisi, p. 86, 90;Frances, Carney Gies, article Al-Idrisi And Roger’s, print edition of Aramco World ,Saudi , 1977, P.14-19 .
• Arslan, Chakib Ben Hamoud ben Hassan, the Andalusian Hail in the Andalusian News and Antiquities, an Andalusian teacher that surrounds all that came from that lost Paradise, Dar and the Library of Life, (Beirut, DT), 1, p. 119;Udovitch, A. L, Al-Idrisi Dictionary of the Middle Ages, Charles Scribner’s Son, New York, vol 6, p. 412.
• Hassan, Zaki Muhammad, The Muslim Travelers of the Middle Ages, D. Mutt, Cairo, 1956, p. 64; Al-Jawari, Abdullah, Introduction of Arabs in Science and Industries, DMT, (Cairo, 1961), p. 244; Zaimeche, Sicily, P.13; Waern, Mediaeval Sicily aspects, P.47-48; Dunlop, D. M, Arab Civilisation to AD 1500, P.171 .
• Akkad, Mahmoud, The Impact of Arabs in European Civilization, Dar Al Ma'arif, (Cairo, 1946), p. 46;Kimble, Geography in the Middle Ages, p.57; Zaimeche, Sicily, p.14 .
• Al-Idrisi, Nozha Al-Mushtaq, C1, Introduction of the Investigator, pp. 1-2; Safadi, Al-Wafi, vol. 1, p.139 .
• Ameri, manifestations of creativity, p.44 .
• Al-Ameri, Mohamed Bashir Hassan, chapters in the creations of medicine and pharmacy in Andalusia, Dar al-Kut al-Kuloumi, Beirut, p. 139;Samurai, Abdul Karim Hussein Ahmed, Andalusian Pharmaceutical Industries, Journal of the secret of Rai, No. 11, Tikrit, 2008, p. 145
• Hassan, al-Sharif al-Idrisi, p. 83.
• Al-Idrisi, Nozha Al-Mushtaq, C1, Introduction of Investigator, 2; Pilgrims, Adel Omar, Encyclopedia of Arab Information in Zoology and Plant, Dar Osama Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2005, p89 .
• Al-Idrisi, Nozha al-Mushtaq, C1, Introduction of Investigator R 2; Mons, History of Geography and Gegraven, pp. 225-226.
• Badawi, Encyclopedia of orientalists, p. 542.
• Samurai, Andalusian Pharmaceutical Industries, p. 145.
• Abu Ayebah, Taha Abdel Maqsoud Abdel Hamid, Islamic Civilization A study in the history of Islamic sciences originated in the Orient - its transition to Andalusia - support of the Andalusians - its influence on Europe,Dar alKuttab al-Alami, (Beirut, DT), 2, p. 937; Samarrai, Andalusian Pharmaceutical Industries, p. 145; Muhammad, Abdul Rahman, Summary in the History of Science in the Arabs, (Beirut, 1970), p. 102
• Al-Anati, Dawood, (1599 AH / 1599), the first reminder of the hearts and the majesty of the wondrous wonder, (Cairo, 1930), c 1, p. 18; Brad, Ibrahim, Greek and Latin terminology in the books of single Moroccan and Andalusian medicine from the fourth to the seventh century AH (10 to 13 AD), Al-Ma'amah magazine (Tunisia, 1991), no. 7, pp. 42-42.
• Ibn al-Qadi, The Quotation Quotation, c 1, p. 215.
• Al-Manawi, Sufi Sufism, C2, pp. 470- 471.
• Al-Garnati, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim, (708 AH / 1308 AD), relevance, investigation: Abu al-'Ala al-'Adawi, published: Library of Religious Culture, Damascus, vol.p.13 .
• Hammondi, Janan Abdul Jalil Mohammed, Judiciary and Judges in Morocco to the fourth century AH, Dissertation unpublished thesis, University of Mustansiriya College of Education, (Baghdad, 1997), p. 259
• Ibn Abi Zar'at, Ali bin Abdullah al-Fassi, (d. 726 AH / 1326 CE), the Sunni ammunition in the history of the Marinian state, d. Mut, (Rabat, 1972), p. 48.
• Ibn Qudamah, Muwaffaq al-Din Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Mohammed, (T 620 AH / 1223 AD), the singer, published: Cairo Library, (Cairo, DT), c 10, p. 68.
• Al-Shurbaji, Ali, Mustafa Al-Khan and Mustapha Al-Baja, Methodical Jurisprudence on the Doctrine of Imam Shafi'i, may God have mercy on him, Dar Al-Qalam for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 4 (Damascus, 1992),C 8, p 194
• Al-Najmajani, Saeed bin Mansour bin Shu'bah, (interpretation: T: 227 AH / 841 CE), the interpretation of Sunan Saeed bin Mansour, investigation: Saad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al-Humaid, P. 1465.
• Mahmoud, Abdel Halim, The Martyr Pole Abdul Salam bin Beshish Dar Maarif, (Cairo, DT), p. 112.
• Ibn 'Ajeebah, Ahmad, (1809), Explanation of the Prayer of the Poleb bin Mesheesh Unique Nunnical Sorts, presented by: Abdulsalam Al-Omrani Al-Khalidi, Casablanca, Morocco, p.14 .
• Al-Qahn, al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim, the strata of the great Shazliya called the Mosque of the upper Karamat in the strata of the masters of the Shazliya, investigation: Mursi Mohammed Ali, Dar al-Kuttab al-Alami (Beirut, 2005), p.26 .
• Al-Ghubarini, the title of know-how, p. 128.
• Ibn Abi Zar'at, Sunni Ammunition, p. 48.
• Al-Ghubarini, the title of know-how, p. 128.