Abstract

GATS AGREEMENT AND ITS EXPECTED IMPACT ON THE IRAQI BANKING SECTOR

Prof. Dr. Thaer Mamood Rasheed Al-ani, Lecturer Ihab Abbas Al-Faisal

Volume: 10 Issue: 1 2020

Abstract:

Agreement with the World Bank (GATS) in the international banking environment that operates in the field of human resources management in the outside world. (WTO) This means in all agreements, including the International Trade Agreement (GATS) for banking services. Is it possible to access the financial and banking markets easily? And then out of the state of weakness suffered by Iraqi banks. With the increasing role of globalization where openness and international competition and its main pillars of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) that general multilateral agreement to regulate the trade of goods and services more comprehensive, and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) One of the most important international trade agreements, this agreement is the legal framework through which the members of the Organization should deal with the liberalization of the trade in services, especially the financial and banking services sector. At the international level, the global economy has witnessed many rapid and successive international changes due to the scientific and technological revolution brought about by economic globalization, namely banking globalization, which has made banking activity a global activity through international agreements that have strengthened it. The most important of the Convention (GATS) and its special supplement to banking services, especially within the framework of the sovereignty of market mechanisms and the pursuit of competitiveness, as well as the case at the local level, the activities of the Iraqi banking sector has been affected And significantly the various developments and economic, social and political changes, which reflected on the nature of banks and their activities and services provided to the public. This agreement comes through the importance of banking services, which ranks second in importance in the (GATS) agreement, which includes several forms of services, most important banking services, which includes a wide range of economic activities at the local and international levels and the provisions relating to the organization of international transactions where banking activity has increased The fastest growing in the world.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v10i01.053

Back Download

References

• Safia Ahmed Abubakr, Impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services on the Arab Insurance Market, Second Arab Forum on Marketing in the Arab World Opportunities and Challenges, Doha, 6-8 October 2003
• Abdul Razzaq Hamad Hussein al-Jubouri, a study of the implications of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the trade of Arab agricultural commodities, Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Issue (4), University of Tikrit, 2006.
• Mohammad Omar Al-Hajji, The Reality of GATT, Dar Al-Maktabi, Damascus, 2001.
• Al-Fatih al-Babi Abdel Wahab, Sudan Confronting economic globalization through regional blocs, International Company, Cairo, 2008.
• Othman Abu Harb, International Economy, Osama Publishing House, Amman, 2011.
• Bassam Hajjar, International Economic Relations, Glory of the University Foundation for Studies and Publishing, Beirut, 2003.
• Bhajerath Lal Das, WTO Guide to the General Framework of International Trade, Arabization of Reza Abdulsalam, Dar Al-Marikh, Riyadh, 2009.
• Directory of Statistics of International Trade in Services, Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, 2010.
• UNCTAD, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Impact of Access to Financial Services on Development, including Highlighting the Impact of Remittances: Economic Empowerment of Women and Youth, United Nations, Geneva, 2014.
• Mustafa Kamal El Sayed Tayel, Banking Industry and Economic Globalization, University House, Alexandria, 2014.
• Essam Rashid Hwaish, The Development of the Iraqi Banking System and Future Prospects, Al-Ghad Banks, Union of Arab Banks, Beirut, 2001.
• WidadYounisYahya, Critical Theory (Theories, Institutions, Policies), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Mustansiriya University, 2001.
• AdibQasimShendi, the Iraqi economy .... Where ?, Talents House for printing, Najaf, 2011.
• Appearance of Mohammed Saleh, Monetary Policy of the Central Bank of Iraq and the Requirements of Stability and Economic Growth, Central Bank of Iraq, Baghdad, 2008.
• Saad Abdul Najem Al-Abdali and Hamid TalebFadhil, Analysis of Financial Emancipation Indicators in Iraq for the Period (2015-1990), Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol.
• Sima Mohsen Allawi, activating the role of commercial banks in promoting domestic and foreign investment in Iraq for the period (2003-2013), Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences, No. (53), Baghdad College of Economic Sciences, 2017.
• Mohammed JamouiKoraichi, Performance Evaluation of Banking Institutions: A Case Study of a Group of Algerian Banks During the Period 1994- 2000, Journal of the Researcher, Issue No. 3, Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences, University of Ouargla, Algeria, 2005.
• Central Bank of Iraq, Financial Stability Report, Monetary and Financial Stability Section, Baghdad, 2017.
• Ahmed Abrihi Ali, banks, credit and financial depth between Iraq and the international experience, the Central Bank of Iraq, Baghdad, 2018.
• Ammar Hamad Khalaf, Measuring the Impact of the Development of the Banking System on Economic Growth in Iraq, Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 64, College of Business and Economics, Baghdad University, 2011.
• Hassan Karim Hamza, The Financing Role of Iraqi Banks in Achieving Economic Growth, AlGhari Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 32, Faculty of Administration and Economics, University of Kufa, 2015.
• Arab Monetary Fund, Consolidated Arab Economic Report, Abu Dhabi, 2018.
• Central Bank of Iraq, Annual Report on Financial Stability in Iraq, General Directorate of Statistics and Research, Capital Market Research Department, Baghdad, 2017.
• Abdul Azim Abdul Wahed Al-Shukri, Banking Reform in Iraq: Reality and Requirements, AlQadisiyah Journal for Administrative and Economic Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 1, College of Administration and Economics, University of Qadisiyah, 2013.
• Naji Al-Tony, Banking Reform, Development Bridge Publications, Vol. 2, No. 17, Arab Planning Institute, Kuwait, 2003.
• Central Bank of Iraq, Annual Report on Financial Stability in Iraq, General Directorate of Statistics and Research, Financial Market Research Department, Baghdad, 2016.
• Nabil Hashad, Mergers and Acquisitions of Banks in Egypt: Opportunities and Precautions, Working Paper No. (79), Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, Cairo, 2003.
• Ahmed Hussein Battal and Faisal Ghazi Faisal Al-Dulaimi, Using Hirvindal-Hirschman Index to Measure Competition among Banks Operating in the Iraqi Banking Sector for the Period (2011-2016), Tikrit Journal for Administrative and Economic Sciences, Vol. University of Tikrit, 2018.
• Taiba Abdel Aziz, The Impact of Financial Openness on Economic Growth, Case Study of Algeria during the Period (1990-2009), Arab Economic Research Journal, Issues (55-56), Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, 2011.
• Mohammed SafwatQabil, Effects of Financial Services Liberalization on Islamic Banks, 14th Annual Scientific Conference of Islamic Financial Institutions (Milestones of Reality and Future Prospects), Vol. 5, Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Dubai, 2005.
• Abdel Wahed El Afoury, Globalization and Challenges and Opportunities, Madbouly Library, Cairo, 1999.
• Rania Mahmoud Abdel Aziz Emara, Liberalization of International Trade in accordance with the GATS Agreement in the Field of Services (GATS), Dar Al Fikr University, Alexandria, 2007.
• ESCWA, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Foreign Trade in Services (Sultanate of Oman), International Trade in Services Statistics Symposium, Beirut, 2004.
• Peter K. Cornelius, Trade in Financial Services, Capital Flows, and the Value-at-Risk of Countries, Development Discussion Papers, Development Discussion Paper, Harvard Institute for International Development, No. 715, Harvard University, July 1999.
• WTO E-Learning, Trade in Services in the WTO , 2014.
• Business Guide to the General Agreement on Trade in Services, International Trade Center and Commonwealth Secretariat, 1999.
• Peter K. Cornelius, Trade in financial services, capital flows, and the value-at risk of countries, Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, Working Paper, Research Notes, No. 00-2, EconStor, 2000.
• Erivaldo Alfredo Gomes, Trade in Financial Services: Major References in International Agreements, THE INSTITUTE OF BRAZILIAN ISSUES, THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, Washington, 2008
• Martin Roy, The Contribution of Services Trade Policies to Connectivity in The Context of Aid for Trade, Staff Working Paper, Economic Research and Statistics Division, World Trade Organization, 2017.
• Deloitte Center for Financial Services, 2019 Banking and Capital Markets Outlook: Reimagining transformation, 2018.
• MarijaLindemane, Country's strategy in export of financial services, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol (24), 7th International Strategic Management Conference, Elsevier Ltd, 2011.
• WTO, International Trade Statistics, Department of International Trade Statistics, Geneva, 2015.
• Shubhangi Pathak, Liberalization Of Financial Services Under The WTO, India, 2006:http://www.igidr.ac.in/conf/money/mfc_08/Lib eralization_of_Financial_Services. %20Subhangi%20Pahak.pdf..
• JanekUiboupin, EFFECTS OF FOREIGN BANKS ENTRY ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN THE CEE COUNTRIES, Tartu University Press, Tartu, 2004.
• Rudolf Adlung&AadityaMattoo, The GATS, A Handbook of International Trade in Services, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008
• MasamichiKono, Patrick Low, MukelaLuanga, AadityaMattoo, MaikaOshikawa, and LudgerSchuknecht, Opening Markets In Financial Services And The Role Of The GATS, WTO, 1997..
• Federico LupoPasini, The International Regulatory Regime on Capital Flows, ADBI Working Paper Series, No. 338, Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, 2011
• Roland Beck, The Volatility of Capital Flows to Emerging Markets and Financial Services Trade, CFS Working Paper, No.11, Center for Financial Studies, Germany, 2000
• Wendy Dobson, Financial Services and International Trade Agreements: The Development Dimension, , A Handbook of International Trade in Services, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008.
• RupaChanda, GATS and its implications for developing countries: Key issues and concerns, DESA Discussion Paper, No. 25, United Nations, New York, 2002.